Definitions

Circular Motion
Movement of an object at constant speed around a circle with fixed radius
Axis: Straight line around which rotation takes place
Rotation: Object turns around an internal axis
Revolution: Turns around an external axis
Rotational Speed: Number of unit of time
Linear Speed: Distance/Time
Tangential Speed: Speed along a circular path
Centripetal Force: Force that cause an object to follow a circular path
Centripetal Acceleration: Always points towards the center of the circular motion


Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Universal Gravitation and Mass: As mass of an object or both objects increases force of gravitational attraction increases
Universal gravitation and distance: As distance separating two objects increases; the force of attraction is exponentially smaller.

Friction
The rubbing of one object to another
Kinetic Friction: surfaces are in relative motion
Static Friction: is not in relative motion

Columbus Law
Equals: The relationship among electrical forces, charges and distance

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Formulas

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Explanations

Circular motion
A body that travels an equal distances in equal amounts of time along a circular path has a constant speed but not constant velocity. This is because velocity is a vector and thus it has magnitude as well as direction
The velocity of P is directed along the tangent at P. The speed remains constant but the velocity has changed. We know that if the velocity changes with time then the ball on the string is also accelerating.

http://www.splung.com/content/sid/2/page/circular

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
states that every massive particle in the universe attracts every other massive particle with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Separately it was shown that large spherically-symmetrical masses attract and are attracted as if all their mass were concentrated at their centers.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation

Friction
is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and/or material elements sliding against each other. It may be thought of as the opposite of "slipperiness".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction